Since 2016, Forêt & Naturalité has been committed to the defence of the “last primary forest in Europe”, the Polish forest Białowieża. Our team has often visited Poland to investigate the plans of the government and foresters that threaten the last lowland primary forest in Europe. In this report, we offer a detailed account of the facts and issues at stake. Beyond the economic stakes, we discover power and interest struggles, divergent ecological arguments, and unsuspected ideological reasons. A situation that in some respects has surprising similarities with the situation here in Wallonia…